Here is the full list of all 33 Half-Life 2 achievements. It takes around 12-15 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Get the airboat.
Kill five barnacles with one barrel.
Get the crowbar.
Escape the apartment block raid.
Disintegrate 15 soldiers by throwing them into a Combine ball field.
Survive the rooftop strider battle in the ruins of City 17.
Shut down the supression device by disabling its generators.
Survive the generator plaza standoff in chapter Anticitizen One.
Get through the toxic tunnel under City 17 in Half-Life 2.
Gain command of a squad of rebels in the uprising.
Survive the second turret standoff in Nova Prospekt.
Kill five enemies with a Manhack.
Use the antlions to kill 50 enemies.
Use DOG's ball to make a basket in Eli's scrapyard.
Get the Gravity Gun in Black Mesa East.
Find the HEV Suit Charger faceplate in Eli's scrapyard.
Destroy the hunter-chopper in Half-Life 2.
Get the airboat's mounted gun.
Break the mini-teleporter in Kleiner's lab.
Discover the hidden singing vortigaunt cave in chapter Water Hazard.
Play through Ravenholm using only the Gravity Gun.
Kill 3 enemies using the crane.
Pin a soldier to the billboard in chapter Highway 17.
Destroy six gunships in Half-Life 2.
Cross the antlion beach in chapter Sandtraps without touching the sand.
Kill an enemy with a toilet.
Kill all of the snipers in City 17.
Find all lambda caches in Half-Life 2.