Here is the full list of all 37 Thief achievements. It takes around 40-50 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Finished Chapter Eight
Finished Chapter Seven
Finished the game on Master difficulty
Scored an epic 5,000,000 or more in a Challenge Map
Finished 3 consecutive chapters without taking damage
Completed all collectible sets
Finished Chapter Six
Found all the secret stashes in Moira
Discovered 15 secret areas
Stole all loot and collectibles in a single chapter.
Finished a single chapter without alerting anyone
Finished Chapter Five
Picked a lock with masterful speed
Killed or knocked out 10 people using the environment
Picked a pocket and a lock using the focus ability
Shot a bottle in mid-air with an arrow
Finished Chapter Four
Finished Chapter Three
Sweet sixteen. Snuff said.
Finished Chapter Two
Stole 5 collectibles
Finished Chapter One
Uncovered Lyegrove's secret
Finished the Prologue
Picked 100 pockets in a single playthrough
Finished the game with a custom difficulty of 700 points or more
Completed 10 optional Thieving Objectives
Completed 25 optional Thieving Objectives
Finished the game without a single kill or knockout
Disarmed ten trap mechanisms
Reached the final chapter without using the focus ability
Completed a collectible set
Discovered all secret areas
Used 40,000 gold
Completed all client jobs in The City
Completed all Basso Jobs in The City
Finished the game in 15 hours or more