Here is the full list of all 37 Stranded Deep achievements. It takes around 60-80 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Create a camp (fire) on 10 distinct islands.
Create a camp (fire) on 5 distinct islands.
Spent 10 days without eating meat.
Craft a Sleeping Bag.
Craft something using the Loom.
Craft the Hobo Stove.
Spend 10 days on one island.
Catch 10 fish with the fishing rod.
Craft the Gyro-copter.
Collect 1 sea monster trophy.
Survive for 20 days.
Go 10 days without eating a fish.
Survive for 10 days.
Find Wolley.
Craft a Motor Boat.
Craft 20 tools.
Catch your first fish with the fishing rod.
Plant your first farm plot.
Complete the intro tutorial.
Cook crab meat.
Visit an island other than the first.
Craft a Camp Fire.
Skin a crab.
Craft a Stone Tool.
Open your backpack.
Have 1 of each farm crop planted on the same island.
Make a clay flask.
Collect all sea monster trophies.
Craft 10 pieces of furniture using corrugated scrap.
Find all survivor remnants.
Craft 1 of each item on the same island.
Survive for 50 days.
Survive for 100 days.
Escaped without using the compass.
Craft 100 item piles.