Here is the full list of all 37 Stranded Deep achievements. It takes around 60-80 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Survive for 10 days.
Spend 10 days on one island.
Plant your first farm plot.
Have 1 of each farm crop planted on the same island.
Survive for 20 days.
Collect all sea monster trophies.
Craft 1 of each item on the same island.
Escaped without using the compass.
Craft 100 item piles.
Collect 1 sea monster trophy.
Find Wolley.
Craft 10 pieces of furniture using corrugated scrap.
Create a camp (fire) on 10 distinct islands.
Create a camp (fire) on 5 distinct islands.
Make a clay flask.
Craft a Motor Boat.
Craft the Gyro-copter.
Craft 20 tools.
Craft the Hobo Stove.
Craft a Sleeping Bag.
Craft something using the Loom.
Catch 10 fish with the fishing rod.
Catch your first fish with the fishing rod.
Complete the intro tutorial.
Visit an island other than the first.
Cook crab meat.
Craft a Camp Fire.
Skin a crab.
Craft a Stone Tool.
Open your backpack.
Spent 10 days without eating meat.
Go 10 days without eating a fish.
Find all survivor remnants.
Survive for 50 days.
Survive for 100 days.