Here is the full list of all 37 Stranded Deep achievements. It takes around 60-80 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Make a clay flask.
Craft a Sleeping Bag.
Have 1 of each farm crop planted on the same island.
Create a camp (fire) on 10 distinct islands.
Spend 10 days on one island.
Survive for 20 days.
Catch 10 fish with the fishing rod.
Craft something using the Loom.
Craft the Hobo Stove.
Plant your first farm plot.
Survive for 10 days.
Spent 10 days without eating meat.
Go 10 days without eating a fish.
Create a camp (fire) on 5 distinct islands.
Craft 20 tools.
Find Wolley.
Craft a Motor Boat.
Catch your first fish with the fishing rod.
Visit an island other than the first.
Complete the intro tutorial.
Cook crab meat.
Craft a Camp Fire.
Skin a crab.
Craft a Stone Tool.
Open your backpack.
Collect 1 sea monster trophy.
Craft the Gyro-copter.
Collect all sea monster trophies.
Craft 10 pieces of furniture using corrugated scrap.
Find all survivor remnants.
Craft 1 of each item on the same island.
Survive for 50 days.
Survive for 100 days.
Escaped without using the compass.
Craft 100 item piles.