Here is the full list of all 37 Stranded Deep achievements. It takes around 60-80 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Escaped without using the compass.
Survive for 100 days.
Craft 1 of each item on the same island.
Collect all sea monster trophies.
Find all survivor remnants.
Find Wolley.
Collect 1 sea monster trophy.
Spend 10 days on one island.
Craft 100 item piles.
Craft the Gyro-copter.
Make a clay flask.
Craft 10 pieces of furniture using corrugated scrap.
Craft a Sleeping Bag.
Craft something using the Loom.
Spent 10 days without eating meat.
Have 1 of each farm crop planted on the same island.
Create a camp (fire) on 10 distinct islands.
Survive for 50 days.
Go 10 days without eating a fish.
Create a camp (fire) on 5 distinct islands.
Survive for 20 days.
Craft a Motor Boat.
Craft 20 tools.
Survive for 10 days.
Plant your first farm plot.
Craft the Hobo Stove.
Catch 10 fish with the fishing rod.
Catch your first fish with the fishing rod.
Visit an island other than the first.
Complete the intro tutorial.
Cook crab meat.
Craft a Camp Fire.
Skin a crab.
Craft a Stone Tool.
Open your backpack.