Here is the full list of all 37 Stranded Deep achievements. It takes around 60-80 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Collect 1 sea monster trophy.
Find Wolley.
Create a camp (fire) on 10 distinct islands.
Go 10 days without eating a fish.
Spend 10 days on one island.
Spent 10 days without eating meat.
Craft the Gyro-copter.
Survive for 20 days.
Craft something using the Loom.
Craft 10 pieces of furniture using corrugated scrap.
Craft 100 item piles.
Make a clay flask.
Craft the Hobo Stove.
Craft 20 tools.
Craft a Sleeping Bag.
Plant your first farm plot.
Craft a Motor Boat.
Survive for 10 days.
Create a camp (fire) on 5 distinct islands.
Cook crab meat.
Catch 10 fish with the fishing rod.
Catch your first fish with the fishing rod.
Visit an island other than the first.
Complete the intro tutorial.
Craft a Camp Fire.
Skin a crab.
Craft a Stone Tool.
Open your backpack.
Have 1 of each farm crop planted on the same island.
Collect all sea monster trophies.
Find all survivor remnants.
Craft 1 of each item on the same island.
Survive for 50 days.
Survive for 100 days.
Escaped without using the compass.