Here is the full list of all 37 Stranded Deep achievements. It takes around 60-80 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Catch your first fish with the fishing rod.
Cook crab meat.
Visit an island other than the first.
Craft a Camp Fire.
Craft a Stone Tool.
Open your backpack.
Complete the intro tutorial.
Skin a crab.
Survive for 10 days.
Spend 10 days on one island.
Spent 10 days without eating meat.
Collect 1 sea monster trophy.
Craft something using the Loom.
Go 10 days without eating a fish.
Catch 10 fish with the fishing rod.
Craft the Hobo Stove.
Plant your first farm plot.
Have 1 of each farm crop planted on the same island.
Create a camp (fire) on 5 distinct islands.
Craft 20 tools.
Make a clay flask.
Survive for 20 days.
Craft a Motor Boat.
Craft a Sleeping Bag.
Craft the Gyro-copter.
Collect all sea monster trophies.
Create a camp (fire) on 10 distinct islands.
Craft 10 pieces of furniture using corrugated scrap.
Find all survivor remnants.
Find Wolley.
Craft 1 of each item on the same island.
Survive for 50 days.
Survive for 100 days.
Escaped without using the compass.
Craft 100 item piles.