Here is the full list of all 37 Stranded Deep achievements. It takes around 60-80 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Visit an island other than the first.
Craft a Camp Fire.
Skin a crab.
Craft a Stone Tool.
Open your backpack.
Complete the intro tutorial.
Cook crab meat.
Catch your first fish with the fishing rod.
Survive for 10 days.
Spend 10 days on one island.
Spent 10 days without eating meat.
Collect 1 sea monster trophy.
Craft something using the Loom.
Go 10 days without eating a fish.
Catch 10 fish with the fishing rod.
Craft the Hobo Stove.
Plant your first farm plot.
Have 1 of each farm crop planted on the same island.
Create a camp (fire) on 5 distinct islands.
Craft 20 tools.
Make a clay flask.
Survive for 20 days.
Craft a Motor Boat.
Craft a Sleeping Bag.
Craft the Gyro-copter.
Collect all sea monster trophies.
Create a camp (fire) on 10 distinct islands.
Craft 10 pieces of furniture using corrugated scrap.
Find all survivor remnants.
Find Wolley.
Craft 1 of each item on the same island.
Survive for 50 days.
Survive for 100 days.
Escaped without using the compass.
Craft 100 item piles.