Here is the full list of all 37 Stranded Deep achievements. It takes around 60-80 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete the intro tutorial.
Spent 10 days without eating meat.
Spend 10 days on one island.
Craft a Sleeping Bag.
Have 1 of each farm crop planted on the same island.
Craft a Motor Boat.
Craft the Hobo Stove.
Find Wolley.
Craft the Gyro-copter.
Make a clay flask.
Go 10 days without eating a fish.
Craft something using the Loom.
Survive for 20 days.
Create a camp (fire) on 5 distinct islands.
Craft 20 tools.
Plant your first farm plot.
Survive for 10 days.
Catch 10 fish with the fishing rod.
Visit an island other than the first.
Catch your first fish with the fishing rod.
Cook crab meat.
Craft a Camp Fire.
Skin a crab.
Craft a Stone Tool.
Open your backpack.
Collect 1 sea monster trophy.
Collect all sea monster trophies.
Create a camp (fire) on 10 distinct islands.
Craft 10 pieces of furniture using corrugated scrap.
Find all survivor remnants.
Craft 1 of each item on the same island.
Survive for 50 days.
Survive for 100 days.
Escaped without using the compass.
Craft 100 item piles.