Here is the full list of all 37 Stranded Deep achievements. It takes around 60-80 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Craft 10 pieces of furniture using corrugated scrap.
Spend 10 days on one island.
Spent 10 days without eating meat.
Make a clay flask.
Escaped without using the compass.
Craft the Gyro-copter.
Create a camp (fire) on 5 distinct islands.
Collect 1 sea monster trophy.
Complete the intro tutorial.
Survive for 50 days.
Go 10 days without eating a fish.
Craft a Motor Boat.
Craft the Hobo Stove.
Survive for 20 days.
Craft 20 tools.
Find Wolley.
Craft a Sleeping Bag.
Craft something using the Loom.
Survive for 10 days.
Plant your first farm plot.
Catch 10 fish with the fishing rod.
Catch your first fish with the fishing rod.
Visit an island other than the first.
Cook crab meat.
Craft a Camp Fire.
Skin a crab.
Craft a Stone Tool.
Open your backpack.
Have 1 of each farm crop planted on the same island.
Collect all sea monster trophies.
Create a camp (fire) on 10 distinct islands.
Find all survivor remnants.
Craft 1 of each item on the same island.
Survive for 100 days.
Craft 100 item piles.