Here is the full list of all 37 Stranded Deep achievements. It takes around 60-80 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Escaped without using the compass.
Survive for 50 days.
Survive for 100 days.
Craft the Gyro-copter.
Spend 10 days on one island.
Spent 10 days without eating meat.
Go 10 days without eating a fish.
Collect 1 sea monster trophy.
Craft 20 tools.
Make a clay flask.
Survive for 20 days.
Craft a Motor Boat.
Survive for 10 days.
Craft something using the Loom.
Plant your first farm plot.
Catch 10 fish with the fishing rod.
Catch your first fish with the fishing rod.
Visit an island other than the first.
Complete the intro tutorial.
Cook crab meat.
Craft a Camp Fire.
Skin a crab.
Craft a Stone Tool.
Open your backpack.
Craft the Hobo Stove.
Have 1 of each farm crop planted on the same island.
Create a camp (fire) on 5 distinct islands.
Craft a Sleeping Bag.
Collect all sea monster trophies.
Create a camp (fire) on 10 distinct islands.
Craft 10 pieces of furniture using corrugated scrap.
Find all survivor remnants.
Find Wolley.
Craft 1 of each item on the same island.
Craft 100 item piles.