Here is the full list of all 18 Prison Architect achievements. It takes around 50-60 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete the story
Complete optional objective on Bootstraps
Unlock entire tech tree
Complete all optional objectives on Conviction
Complete all optional objectives on Riot
Stopped a riot of 50 or more prisoners
Unlocked all game bible pages
Unlocked all polaroids
Escape from a decent prison in escape mode
Have a cashflow of $50,000 or more
Executed a prisoner on death row
Sell your prison and make over $1,000,000 profit
Build a sandbox prison with 1000 prisoners
Build a sandbox prison with 500 prisoners
Build a sandbox prison with 100 prisoners
Shared a prison via Steam Workshop
Loaded a prison from Steam Workshop
Achieve a re-offending rate of 25%