Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Research all technologies
Get 100 combat robots following you
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Finish the game in 8 hours
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game
Finish the game in 15 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Build Diesel locomotive
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Research Oil processing
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.