Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Build Diesel locomotive
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Research Oil processing
Finish the game
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Research all technologies
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.