Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Research all technologies
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Finish the game
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Research Oil processing
Build Diesel locomotive
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.