Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Finish the game
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Research all technologies
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Research Oil processing
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Build Diesel locomotive
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.