Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Finish the game in 8 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Research all technologies
Get 100 combat robots following you
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Research Oil processing
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Build Diesel locomotive
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.