Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Finish the game in 8 hours
Finish the game in 15 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Research all technologies
Get 100 combat robots following you
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Build Diesel locomotive
Research Oil processing