Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Research all technologies
Get 100 combat robots following you
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Build Diesel locomotive
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Research Oil processing