Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Research all technologies
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Build Diesel locomotive
Research Oil processing