Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Research all technologies
Get 100 combat robots following you
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Finish the game in 8 hours
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Finish the game
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Build Diesel locomotive
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Research Oil processing
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.