Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Get 100 combat robots following you
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Finish the game
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Research all technologies
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Build Diesel locomotive
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Research Oil processing
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.