Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Research all technologies
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Finish the game
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Build Diesel locomotive
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Research Oil processing
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Get 100 combat robots following you
Finish the game in 8 hours
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.