Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Research all technologies
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Build Diesel locomotive
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Research Oil processing
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Get 100 combat robots following you
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.