Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game in 8 hours
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Research all technologies
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Finish the game
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Build Diesel locomotive
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Research Oil processing