Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Research all technologies
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Build Diesel locomotive
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Research Oil processing
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits