Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Finish the game in 8 hours
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Research all technologies
Get 100 combat robots following you
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Finish the game
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Build Diesel locomotive
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Research Oil processing
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.