Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Research all technologies
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Build Diesel locomotive
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Research Oil processing
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.