Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Research all technologies
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Build Diesel locomotive
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Research Oil processing
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.