Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Finish the game in 15 hours
Finish the game in 8 hours
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Get 100 combat robots following you
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Research all technologies
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Finish the game
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.
Build Diesel locomotive
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Research Oil processing
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.