You DO NOT have to have all the craftables unlocked prior to finishing the game, the achievement will unlock once both criteria are complete.
Spoiler Warning: Some of the schematics are tied to story choices...
Important Note: Contrary to some info out there, it's not necessary to kill Georgia, May, or Casey in order to obtain recipes/schematics. Missable recipes drop from Elite patrols which should allow you to choose your path freely. However, the droprates are very random and can be frustrating to farm. The best method is to pick an area on your map that indicates Elite squads are present, prepare yourself with upgraded weapons/health, sprint towards the patrol for an ambush, then reload save until your wanted schematic drops.
Gun Station
.45 Revolver: The Shallows, inside the Blue Mansion safe.
.45 Ammunition: The Shallows, inside the Blue Mansion safe.
Lever Action Rifle: The Ward, in a small garage at the middle of the shipping yard atop a red tool bench. During May's retrieval mission the intel you're looking for will be right next to it.
AR-416 Rifle: *SPOILERS* End game, inside the reserve bunker. You have to flood the comms room and sacrifice Casey in order for the armory to be unlocked. It will be on a table in middle of the room. This recipe also drops from elite squads in the post-game.
5.56mm Ammunition: *SPOILERS* End game, inside the reserve bunker. You have to flood the comms room and sacrifice Casey in order for the armory to be unlocked. It will be on a table in middle of the room. This recipe also drops from elite squads in the post-game.
Survival Station
Jambalaya: Via Corolla, in the two-story house that's usually guarded by Tower troops. On the first-floor kitchen atop the stove.
Beignet: In the church area where you first meet May and install the pumps, inside the only accessible house and on the kitchen counter. This recipe also drops from elite squads in the post-game.
Gumbo: Old Town, in a smaller red building inside the fridge.
Compound Bow: Memorial Lane, inside a hidden room within the red house. The key is in Rampart inside a boarded-off room on the first floor of the high school. Once you travel back to Memorial Lane the keyhole itself is in a bookshelf on the first floor of the red house.
Explosive Arrows: Inside the 'Jazz Men' safe, which is in the area outside the cemetery (connected by the underground crypt).
Gear Station
Samedi’s Hand: Via Corolla, in a safe in the house with decorative lions at the gate. You will need to climb up to the saferoom on the second floor from the outside.
Esteemed Mortal Bat: Old Town, in a safe in the two-story house. The safe is on the second floor in a room with the wall destroyed.
Timed Noise Maker Bomb: Rampart, in the gymnasium next to Trent’s Body. You will have to climb up from the bleachers to the top of this smaller lockeroom and drop in through the ceiling.
Sticky Proximity Mine: *SPOILERS* Bastion, the schematic drops from Georgia (or one of her soldiers) after your conversation with JB. This recipe also drops from elite squads in the post-game.
4th and Pain Clever: Rampart, in the school nurse's office on the first floor within a attached bathroom.