Here is the full list of all 38 Factorio achievements. It takes around 200 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Produce 100M Electronic circuits
Finish the game in 8 hours
Finish the game in 15 hours
Win the game by crafting no more than 111 items manually.
Win the game without building Active provider chest and requester chest.
Win the game without building Laser turret.
Win the game without using a solar panel.
Construct more machines using robots than manually.
Build Diesel locomotive within first 1 hour and 30 minutes of the game.
Produce 400k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 5k Processing units per hour.
Produce 25k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 200k Iron plates per hour
Get 100 combat robots following you
Destroy 10k trees with fire
Research all technologies
Produce 10k Advanced circuits per hour.
Produce 1M electronic circuits
Produce 1.0k Processing units per hour.
Finish the game
Produce 500 Processing units per hour.
Have a train plan a path 1000 tiles or longer.
Produce more than 10 MJ energy per hour without the usage of Steam engine.
Get killed by moving Locomotive
Take 500 damage in one hit and survive.
Destroy 10 spawners by impact.
Destroy 100 trees by impact.
Supply the player with 10k items delivered by the logistic robots.
Construct 100 machines using robots.
Supply the player by logistic robot.
Produce 10k Electronic circuits
Build Diesel locomotive
Deconstruct 100 objects with the construction robots.
Research Oil processing
Produce 20k Iron plates per hour.
Produce 1.0k Advanced circuits per hour.
Trigger an alien attack by pollution.