Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Complete each Speed Test.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Clear one of each Test.
Complete each Planning Test.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Complete each Stability Test.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Achieve User Level 8.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.
Complete each Performance Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Clear every Test.
Recurse through the story.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Achieve User Level 24.