Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Achieve User Level 24.
Complete each Performance Test.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Complete each Speed Test.
Clear one of each Test.
Achieve User Level 16.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Complete each Planning Test.
Complete each Stability Test.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Achieve User Level 8.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.