Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Recurse through the story.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Achieve User Level 24.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Complete each Performance Test.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Complete each Speed Test.
Achieve User Level 16.
Clear one of each Test.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Complete each Planning Test.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Complete each Stability Test.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Achieve User Level 8.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.