Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Achieve User Level 24.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Complete each Performance Test.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Complete each Speed Test.
Clear one of each Test.
Achieve User Level 16.
Complete each Planning Test.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete each Stability Test.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Achieve User Level 8.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.