Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Recurse through the story.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Achieve User Level 24.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Performance Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Clear one of each Test.
Complete each Speed Test.
Complete each Planning Test.
Achieve User Level 16.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Complete each Stability Test.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Achieve User Level 8.
Reach the Goldwalk District.