Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Achieve User Level 24.
Complete each Performance Test.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Complete each Speed Test.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Clear one of each Test.
Complete each Planning Test.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Complete the story.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Complete each Stability Test.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Achieve User Level 8.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.