Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Achieve User Level 24.
Complete each Performance Test.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Complete each Speed Test.
Complete each Planning Test.
Achieve User Level 16.
Clear one of each Test.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Complete each Stability Test.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Achieve User Level 8.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.