Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Recurse through the story.
Achieve User Level 24.
Complete each Performance Test.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Complete each Speed Test.
Clear one of each Test.
Achieve User Level 16.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Complete each Planning Test.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Complete each Stability Test.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Achieve User Level 8.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.