Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Achieve User Level 24.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Performance Test.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Clear one of each Test.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Complete each Speed Test.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Complete each Planning Test.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Complete each Stability Test.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Achieve User Level 8.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.