Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Performance Test.
Recurse through the story.
Achieve User Level 24.
Complete each Agency Test
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Complete each Speed Test.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Clear one of each Test.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Complete each Planning Test.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete each Stability Test.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Achieve User Level 8.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.