Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Performance Test.
Achieve User Level 24.
Complete each Agency Test
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Complete each Speed Test.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Clear one of each Test.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Complete each Planning Test.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Complete each Stability Test.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Achieve User Level 8.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.