Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Complete each Speed Test.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Clear one of each Test.
Complete each Planning Test.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Complete each Stability Test.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Achieve User Level 8.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.
Complete each Performance Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Clear every Test.
Recurse through the story.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Achieve User Level 24.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.