Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Achieve User Level 24.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Performance Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Clear one of each Test.
Complete each Speed Test.
Complete each Planning Test.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete each Stability Test.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Achieve User Level 8.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.