Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Achieve User Level 24.
Complete each Performance Test.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Clear one of each Test.
Complete each Speed Test.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Achieve User Level 16.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Complete each Stability Test.
Complete each Planning Test.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Achieve User Level 8.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.