Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Achieve User Level 24.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Performance Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Unlock 32 MEM.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Complete each Speed Test.
Clear one of each Test.
Achieve User Level 16.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Complete each Planning Test.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Complete each Stability Test.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Achieve User Level 8.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.