Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Achieve User Level 24.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Complete each Performance Test.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Complete each Speed Test.
Clear one of each Test.
Achieve User Level 16.
Complete each Planning Test.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Complete each Stability Test.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Achieve User Level 8.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.