Here is the full list of all 33 Transistor achievements. It takes around 15-20 hours to unlock all of the achievements on Windows.
Recurse through the story.
Achieve User Level 24.
Complete each Performance Test.
Clear every Test.
Complete each Agency Test
Confront the Spine at the Bracket Towers facade.
Unlock every Upgrade Slot and Passive Slot.
Complete five encounters with five or more Limiters in use.
Complete five encounters with all 10 Limiters in use.
Complete five encounters with one or more Limiters in use.
Inspect all completed Limiter Files.
Complete each Speed Test.
Unlock 32 MEM.
Deal at least 2048 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Deal at least 1024 damage in one Turn() in the Practice Test.
Complete each Planning Test.
Clear one of each Test.
Achieve User Level 16.
Unlock every Process Limiter.
Upgrade a Function with a copy of itself.
Inspect all completed Function Files.
Unlock every Transistor Function.
Complete the story.
Confront Royce beyond Cloudbank.
Complete each Stability Test.
Confront Grant and Asher at Bracket Towers.
Create a Function combination requiring 12 MEM.
Inspect five completed Function Files.
Inspect 10 completed Function Files.
Use 10 different OVC Terminals.
Achieve User Level 8.
Confront Sybil at the Empty Set.
Reach the Goldwalk District.